（：Heard Island and McDonald Islands，：HIMI），，1947，1997（）。1600；1000，3700，。80%，. .
The islands are part of the that includes several islands. In this cold climate, plant life is mainly limited to grasses, lichens, and . Low plant diversity reflects the islands' isolation, small size, severe climate, the short, cool growing season and, for Heard Island, substantial permanent ice cover. The main environmental deter. [pdf]
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